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Quantization and bit depth
Bit depth sets the resolution of each sample and therefore the noise floor.
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| Bit depth | Theoretical dynamic range | Use |
|---|---|---|
| 8-bit | ≈ 48 dB | Legacy |
| 16-bit | ≈ 96 dB | CD, delivery |
| 24-bit | ≈ 144 dB | Recording |
| 32-bit float | Very large, values above 0 dBFS preserved | Masters, processing |
| 64-bit float | Even larger | Intermediate files |
Why float matters
In a float file, a peak pushed above 0 dBFS by an effect is still stored correctly and can be turned down later. In a 16- or 24-bit file it would be clipped permanently. Save working masters as 32-bit float WAV.
Each bit is about 6 dB
Every additional bit doubles the number of levels and lowers the noise floor by about 6 dB. See The decibel (dB).
Common questions
How much dynamic range does each bit depth give?
Roughly 6 dB per bit: about 96 dB for 16-bit and 144 dB for 24-bit. 32-bit float has so much range that it practically cannot clip during editing.
When should I use 8-bit?
Only for special legacy targets. It adds clearly audible noise.
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